Upper Vocab – Abstract Nouns (Danh từ trừu tượng)

Danh từ trìu tượng là gì? Những lưu ý khi sử dụng danh từ trìu tượng trong tiếng Anh? Cùng Tâm Nghiêm ESL khám phá qua bài viết này nhé

DANH TỪ TRỪU TƯỢNG

Các danh từ trừu tượng là những danh từ được sử dụng để ám chỉ IDEAS (ý tưởng), EXPERIENCE (trải nghiệm, kinh nghiệm), QUALITY (chất lượng) hơn là một sự vật cụ thể hiện tượng.

Ví dụ, danh từ HAPPINESS, INTENTION, và SHOCK là những danh từ trừu tượng, mang nghĩ (hạnh phúc, ý định và kinh ngạc). Khác hẳn với những danh từ cụ thể có thể nhìn thấy rõ ràng như PEN, BED hoặc TROUSERS.

Có rất nhiều hậu tố được sử dụng đặc biệt và thường xuyên trong việc xác định nên danh từ trừu tượng. Một số các hậu tổ phổ biến như -MENT, -ION, -NESS hoặc -ITY.

Lưu ý khi sử dụng danh từ trìu tượng

-MENT và -ION thường biết 1 động từ thành 1 danh từ trừu tượng.

Trong khi,

-NESS hoặc -ITY được bổ sung them vào tính từ

-ION thi thoảng thành –TION, -SION, -ATION hoặc -ITION

Ví dụ về danh từ trìu tượng sử dụng các hậu tố ở trên

ACHIEVEMENT

• something very good and difficult that you have succeeded in doing:
• something that you did or got after planning and working to make it happen, and that therefore gives you a feeling of
• satisfaction, or the act of working to make this happen:

ADJUSTMENT

• a change in something that makes it better, more accurate, or more effective

AMAZEMENT

• a feeling of great surprise

DISCOURAGEMENT

• the state of having lost your confidence orenthusiasm for something:

IMPROVEMENT

• an occasion when something gets better or when you make it better:

INVESTMENT

• extreme surprise:

REPLACEMENT

– the process of replacing something with something else:

RETIREMENT

• the act of leaving your job and stopping working, usually because you are old:
• the period in someone’s life after they havestopped working because of having reached aparticular age

ACTION

• the process of doing something in order to make something happen or to deal with a situation

COLLECTION

• group of objects, often of the same sort, that have been collected
• a group of objects or people

COMBINATION

• two or more things joined or mixed together to form a single unit
• the act of joining or mixing together two or more things to form a single unit

ILLUSION

• a false idea or belief, especially about somebody or about a situation
• something that seems to exist but in fact does not, or seems to be something that it is not

IMAGINATION

• the ability to form pictures in the mind:
• something that you think exists or is true,although in fact it is not real or true:
• the ability to think of new ideas:

PRODUCTION

• the process of making or growing goods to be sold:
• the amount of something that is made orgrown by a country or a company:

RECOGNITION

• agreement that something is true or legal:
• If you are given recognition, people showadmiration and respect for your achievements:

REDUCTION

• reduction (in something) an act of making something less or
• an amount of money by which something is made cheaper

AGGRESSIVENESS

• angry and threatening behavior
• behaviour that shows force and determination in order to succeed

ATTRACTIVENESS

• the quality of being pleasant to look at or experience
• the quality of seeming interesting or worth having

BITTERNESS

• angry and unhappy feelings caused by the belief that you have been treated unfairly
• the quality of being very serious and unpleasant, with a lot of anger and hatred involved

CONSCIOUSNESS

• the state of understanding and realizingsomething:
• the state of being awake, thinking, and knowingwhat is happening around you:

PERMISSIVENESS

• a situation in which behaviour that some peoplemight disapprove of is allowed:

TENDERNESS

• the quality of being kind, gentle and loving
• the quality in food of being easy to bite through and cut

UGLINESS

• the quality of being unpleasant to look at
• he quality of being unpleasant or dangerous, especially involving threats or violence

BITTERNESS

• Someone who is bitter is angry and unhappy because they cannot forget bad things thathappened in the past:
• expressing a lot of hate and anger:

ABSURDITY

• stupid and unreasonable, or silly in a humorousway

ANONYMITY

• the situation in which someone’s name is not given or known:

COMPLEXITY

• the state of having many parts and beingdifficult to understand or find an answer to:

CURIOSITY

• uriosity (about something) | curiosity (to do something) a strong desire to know about something
• an unusual and interesting thing

GENEROSITY

• the quality or condition of being generous:

HOSTILITY

• unfriendly or aggressive feelings or behavior
• hostility (to/towards something) strong and angry opposition towards an idea, a plan or a situation

PROSPERITY

• the state of being successful, especially in making money

SENSITIVITY

• an ability to understand what other people need, and be helpful and kind to them:
• the quality of being easily upset by the things people say or do, or causing people to be upset, embarrassed, or angry:

Một số hậu tố khác được kết hợp để tạo nên danh từ trừu tượng

-SHIP, -DOM, -TH và -HOOD

Lưu ý rằng -SHIP và -HOOD thường xuyên được sử dụng kết hợp với các danh từ khác; trong khi -TH chỉ kết hợp với tính từ để hình thành danh từ trừu tượng và -DOM có thể kết hợp với cả danh từ và tính từ

Dưới đây là 1 số ví dụ:

APPRENTICESHIP

• period of time working as an apprentice

COMPANIONSHIP

• the enjoyment of spending time with other people:

MEMBERSHIP

• the state of belonging to an organization:
• all the people who belong to anorganization:

OWNERSHIP

• the fact that you own something:
• the right or state of being an owner:

PARTNERSHIP

• the state of being a partner in business

RELATIONSHIP

• the way in which two things are connected:
• the way in which two or more people feel andbehave towards each other:

BOREDOM

• the state of feeling bored; the quality of being very boring

FREEDOM

• the condition or right of being able orallowed to do, say, think, etc. whatever you want to, without being controlled or limited:
• a right to act in the way you think you should:
• the state of not being in prison:

MARTYRDOM

• the suffering or death of a martyr

STARDOM

• the quality of being famous, especially for being a singer, actor, etc.

WISDOM

• the ability to make sensible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge that you have

BREADTH

• the distance from one side to another:
• the distance from one side of an object to theopposite side, esp. when it is shorter than thedistance between the object’s
• other two sides:

DEPTH

• the distance from the top or surface to the bottom of something

LENGTH  

• the size or measurement of something from one end to the other
• the amount of time that something lasts

STRENGTH

• the ability to do things that need a lot ofphysical or mental effort:
• the degree to which something isstrong or powerful:

WARMTH

• a high temperature that is comfortable but not hot:

WIDTH

• the measurement from one side of something to the other; how wide something is
• a piece of material of a particular width

ADULTHOOD

• the part of someone’s life when they are an adult:

BROTHERHOOD

• friendship and understanding between people
• an organization formed for a particular purpose, especially a religious society or political organization

CHILDHOOD

• the period of somebody’s life when they are a child

MOTHERHOOD

• the state or time of being a mother:

NEIGHBORHOOD

• an area with characteristics that make it different from other areas, or the people who live in aparticular area:
• the approximate amount of something:

WOMANHOOD

• the state of being a woman, rather than a girl
• women in general

MANHOOD

• the state or time of being an adult man rather than a boy

Xem thêm

• Mạo từ là gì? 3 lỗi sai thường gặp nhất trong cách dùng a, an, the

Các danh từ trịu tượng không có hậu tố

ANGER

• a strong feeling that makes you want to hurt someone or be unpleasant because of something unfair or unkind that has happened:

FAITH

• faith (in somebody/something) trust in somebody’s ability or knowledge; trust that somebody/something will do what has been promised
• strong religious belief

LUCK

• the force that causes things, especially good things, to happen to you by chance and not as a result of your own efforts or abilities:

SENSE

• an ability to understand, recognize, value, or react to something, especially any of the five physical abilities to see, hear, smell, taste, and feel:

BELIEF

• the feeling of being certain that something exists or is true:
• something that you believe:

FEAR

• an unpleasant emotion or thought that you have when you are frightened or worried by something dangerous, painful, or bad that is happening or might happen:

PRINCIPLE

• a basic idea or rule that explains or control show something happens or works:
• a moral rule or standard of good behaviour:

SIGHT

• the ability to see:
• something that is in someone’s view:

CALM

• a quiet or peaceful period or situation:
• a quiet and relaxed manner

HUMOUR

• the ability to find things funny, the way in which people see that some things are funny, or the quality of being funny:
• the state of your feelings:

RAGE

• (a period of) extreme or violent anger:
• exciting or entertaining event involving a lot ofactivity:

SPEED

• the rate at which somebody/something moves or travels
• the rate at which something happens or is done

CHANCE

• a possibility of something happening, especially something that you want
• a suitable time or situation when you have the opportunity to do something

IDEA

• a plan, thought or suggestion, especially about what to do in a particular situation
• idea (of something) a picture or an impression in your mind of what somebody/something is like

REASON

• a cause or an explanation for something that has happened or that somebody has done
• a fact that makes it right or fair to do something

THOUGHT

• something that you think of or remember
• a person’s mind and all the ideas that they have in it when they are thinking